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Living in the Virgin Islands, most people are familiar
with the term “sea turtle”. Sea turtles can be seen on the reefs, in sea
grass beds, and swimming in coastal waters by snorkelers, divers, boaters,
and passersby. But what is a sea turtle?
There are
seven species of sea turtles worldwide, including the leatherback, green,
hawksbill, loggerhead, kemps ridley, olive ridley, and the Australian
flatback turtle. All seven species belong to the scientific class Reptilia,
and are commonly referred to as reptiles. Other members of this group
include snakes, lizards, crocodilians, and even extinct dinosaurs. In fact,
sea turtles are often referred to as “living dinosaurs”. All members of the
class Reptilia share common characteristics. All reptiles have a vertebral
column (or spine). They also possess scales on their skin, and like humans,
breathe air. A common misconception is that sea turtles are like fish, and
they can breathe in water. This is not true. Sea turtles do not have
gills, and like other reptiles must breathe air. Additionally, all reptiles
are ectothermic or “cold-blooded”. Unlike humans, which are endothermic, or
“warm-blooded”, sea turtles can not maintain a constant internal body
temperature. They must rely on the outside environment to determine their
body temperature. Because of this, they must find external sources of heat
to function. Turtles may often be found basking |
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at the surface for this reason. As reptiles, sea
turtles also exhibit internal fertilization. This means that eggs are
fertilized while still inside the female’s body. All sea turtles lay soft
shelled eggs. Eggs must be laid on land and are usually laid on the same
beach where the female turtle was “born”. In general, turtles are only on
land at the time of hatching and during the nesting season. This is a common
occurrence locally in the Virgin Islands. Once in the water, males never
return to land.
Sea turtles are reptiles that have evolved to live in a
marine environment. A majority of their lives are spent at sea.
Adaptations to life at sea include the modification of limbs to form
flippers, torpedo-shaped bodies, and an ability to hold their breath for
long periods of time. Sea turtles are remarkable animals, with many unique
characteristics. Each species is different. All species are either
threatened or endangered, and are thus protected by law. The Virgin Islands
are home to green, hawksbill, and leatherback turtles. These three species
may be found in the surrounding waters as well as on local beaches. Sea
turtles are unique reptiles that should be appreciated and enjoyed by all --
residents and tourists alike. Just remember to look, not touch! For
further information regarding local marine resources and sea turtle
programs, visit
www.wimarcs.org. |
